Passive roles

Excerpts from the book, "A critique of social constructionism and Post modern Queer thoery by Rictor Norton":

Greenberg’s (1990) commentary on the temple inscriptions at Edfu, in Memphis, which say that it is forbidden ‘to couple with a nkk or hmw’:

The latter terms, though probably not exact synonyms, have been taken to refer to someone who acts as a receptive male homosexual. Elsewhere, the word hmw means coward; since it is derived from the word for ‘woman,’ it might better be translated as an ‘effeminate poltroon.’ It would be difficult to say whether this was a term of opprobrium applied stereotypically to anyone who preferred a receptive role in homosexual anal intercourse, or only to a distinct, socially recognized homosexual role. . . . As far as we can tell, homosexuality per se was not a category in Egyptian thought. There was no distinctive word for a homosexual person, only composite terms suggesting that gender was the critical category. . . . The negative confessions and temple inscriptions refer to acts, not inclinations or states of being.